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Compare Bouvet Island (2004) - Sao Tome and Principe (2004)
Compare Bouvet Island (2004) z Sao Tome and Principe (2004)
| Bouvet Island (2004) | Sao Tome and Principe (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | - | 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome
note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995 |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: 47.7% (male 43,810; female 42,708)
15-64 years: 48.4% (male 42,469; female 45,456) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 3,275; female 3,847) (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish |
| Airports | - | 2 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total: 58.5 sq km
land: 58.5 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 1,001 sq km
land: 1,001 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC | more than five times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island. | Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. |
| Birth rate | - | 41.36 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $38.59 million
expenditures: $42.04 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (2003 est.) |
| Capital | - | Sao Tome |
| Climate | antarctic | tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) |
| Coastline | 29.6 km | 209 km |
| Constitution | - | approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Bouvet Island |
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe |
| Currency | - | dobra (STD) |
| Death rate | - | 6.89 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $318 million (2002) |
| Dependency status | territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580 |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program |
| Economy - overview | no economic activity; declared a nature reserve | This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 29 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices helped boost export earnings in 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic about the development of petroleum resources in its territorial waters in the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 15.81 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | - | 17 million kWh (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Olav Peak 935 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | - | mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese) |
| Exchange rates | - | dobras per US dollar - 9,347.58 (2003), 9,088.32 (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999) |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Damiao Vaz DE ALMEIDA (since 17 September 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA% |
| Exports | - | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil |
| Exports - partners | - | Netherlands 41.7%, Canada 16.7%, Belgium 8.3%, Germany 8.3%, Philippines 8.3% (2003) |
| Fiscal year | - | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of Norway is used | three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $214 million (2003 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: 19.6%
industry: 17.8% services: 62.6% (2003 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2003 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 5% (2003 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 54 26 S, 3 24 E | 1 00 N, 7 00 E |
| Geography - note | covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve | the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous |
| Highways | - | total: 320 km
paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | - | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | - | Portugal 51.6%, Germany 11.3%, Italy 6.5%, Belgium 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003) |
| Independence | - | 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA |
| Industries | - | light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber |
| Infant mortality rate | - | total: 44.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 46.57 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 9% (2003 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 100 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly) |
| Labor force | - | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing
note: shortages of skilled workers |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (2001) |
arable land: 6.25%
permanent crops: 48.96% other: 44.79% (2001) |
| Languages | - | Portuguese (official) |
| Legal system | the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply | based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 66.63 years
male: 65.11 years female: 68.21 years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | - | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79.3% male: 85% female: 62% (1991 est.) |
| Location | island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) | Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon |
| Map references | Antarctic Region | Africa |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 4 nm | measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | - | total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 79,490 GRT/97,077 DWT
by type: bulk 2, cargo 14, chemical tanker 2, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: British Virgin Islands 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Portugal 1, Ukraine 2 (2004 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Norway | - |
| Military branches | - | Army, Coast Guard, Presidential Guard, National Guard |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $500,000 (2003) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 0.8% (2003) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 38,347 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 20,188 (2004 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 12 July (1975) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean |
| Natural hazards | NA | NA |
| Natural resources | none | fish, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | - | -2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | NA |
| Population | uninhabited (July 2004 est.) | 181,565 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | 54% NA (2004 est.) |
| Population growth rate | - | 3.18% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Santo Antonio, Sao Tome |
| Radio broadcast stations | - | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002) |
| Religions | - | Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: adequate facilities
domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 7,000 (2003) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 4,800 (2003) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 2 (2002) |
| Terrain | volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible | volcanic, mountainous |
| Total fertility rate | - | 5.8 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | NA |
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